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miner's apron
The miner's apron ((ドイツ語:Arschleder), ''Bergleder'' or ''Fahrleder'') is part of the clothing worn, especially historically, by miners in the mining industries of German-speaking Europe. Variously called in English a miner's apron,〔 a miner's after-apron,〔Ebers, John (1796). ''The New and Complete Dictionary of the German and English Languages'', Vol. 1, Breitkopf & Hertel, Leipzig, 1796.〕〔Ebers, John (1802). ''A New Hand-Dictionary of the German Language, For Englishmen and of the English Language for the Germans'', Vol. 2, Halle, 1802, p. 230.〕 breech leather〔Bucksch, Herbert (1997). ''Dictionary Geotechnical Engineering'', Vol. 2, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, p. 77, ISBN 3-540-58163-4.〕〔Küttner, C.G. and Nicholson, W. (1805). ''New and Complete Dictionary of the German Language for Englishmen'', Vol. 1, Schwickertsche Verlage, Leipzig, p. 131.〕〔Ciba-Geigy review, Volume 12, Issues 133-141, p. 154, 1959.〕 or miner's leather apron,〔Pohs, Henry A. (1995). ''The miner's flame light book'', Flame Pub. Co., pp. 107 and 119.〕 it was a leather apron that served to keep the seat of the trousers from wearing out when working or moving around the mine (''Fahrung'') as well as keeping out the cold and moisture when sitting. It also provided protection especially when entering inclined mineshafts. Another advantage was that it stabilised the internal organs from mechanical shock and vibration by acting as a sort of kidney belt. The miner's apron was a triangular or, more rarely, semi-circular piece of leather and was supported by the body belt. In Germany the design of the modern miner's apron is governed by DIN standard 23307 ''Gesäßleder für den Bergbau (Arschleder)''.
== History ==
The mining apron was introduced to German mining regions in the 15th century from the Slovakian mining area around Schemnitz (Banská Štiavnica). Early illustrations of it are found on the title page of the "Little Mining Book" (''Bergbüchlein'') by Ulrich Rülein von Calw (1505) and on the miner's altar of St. Anne's Church in Annaberg (1521). Georgius Agricola wrote in this book ''De re metallica'' (1556):
Permission to wear the miner's apron was only granted to miners and mining officials. Analogous to the hammer and chisel, it represented a unifying symbol of miners' status. Later, it was also worn outside work in decorative styles as part of the miner's uniform (''Berghabit'') or parade uniform (''Paradeuniform'') for miners' parades (''Bergparaden''). In events connected with mining customs, this device is also used for the so-called "leather jump" (''Ledersprung''), a form of miners' initiation ceremony in Austria.
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